Enhancement Effect of Berberis vulgaris var. integerrima Seeds on the Antibacterial Activity of Cephalosporins against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

To evaluate the enhancement effect of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> var. <em>integerrima</em> seeds on the antibacterial activity of cephalexin and ceftizoxime against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> ethanol extract of the seeds were prepared. Disk diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial activity of two cephalosporins in the absence and presence of the extract and its various fractions separated by TLC. Clinical isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli </em>were used as test strains. Total extract and one of its fractions enhanced the antibacterial activity of cephalexin and ceftizoxime. The active component of the extract involved in the enhancement of cephalexin and ceftizoxime antimicrobial activities had an <em>R_f</em> of 0.47 on TLC and a λmax of 209 nm. The highest fold decrease in MIC was observed for ceftizoxime plus the active fraction of the extract against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Our preliminary results on the column chromatography and identification of the active component by high resolution mass spectroscopy showed that this minor compound may be categorized as a protoberberine structure compound. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of <em>Berberis vulgaris</em> var. <em>integerrima</em> seeds combined with cephalosporins may be useful against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>.