A Case of Identity Confirmation of Brucella abortus S99 by Phage Typing and PCR Methods

Abstract

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that is associated with fever in humans and abortion in animals. The agent of this disease is a facultative intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus called <em>Brucella</em>. There are six classic species, including <em>B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. neotomae</em>, and <em>B. ovis</em>. In recent years, four new species have been reported, including <em>Brucella ceti, </em><em>B. microti</em><em>, </em><em>B. pinnipedialis</em>,<em> and </em><em>B. inopinata</em>. Human disease causes hygienic and economic losses, including inactivity of workforces in the community and high cost of treatment. The disease also causes catastrophic losses in the livestock industry. There is no effective vaccine against human brucellosis. Hence, attempts to prevent human infection with <em>Brucella</em> are focused on preventative measures, including control of infection in livestock, which lead to a reduction in its incidence in humans. The common methods for diagnosis of this disease are serologic methods including Rose Bengal, Wright -2 ME and the ring test. <em>B. abortus</em> strain S99 is used to produce these diagnostic antigens. The production of these antigens requires the presence of a well-characterized seed with full identity. The aim of this work was confirmation of the identity of <em>B. abortus</em> S99 by phage typing, AMOS and multiplex PCR techniques. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the identification of the strains used as seed for the production of the brucellosis diagnostic antigens. In this project, <em>B. abortus</em> strain 99 was supplied by the bacterial collection of the Brucellosis Department of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. Then, the main aim of the present study was the confirmation of the seed identity by doing the tests through the standard phage typing method, AMOS PCR and multiplex PCR (Brucladder) methods. Results were in support of the identity of the studied strain, and the molecular methods could also be used as the sensitive approaches for validation of antigenic seed.