Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Sub Genotypes following Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Asian Continent, A Systematic Review Article

Abstract

Objectives: In current era of blue brain intelligence and technology access at ease, standardization of disease etiology demands extensive research to drop-down human papilloma virus associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas impact at large. Present retrospection aims to estimate comparative association of human papilloma virus sub-genotypes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, critical analysis of existing research gap, treatment progress, co-infection, gender association, national status and challenges following Human papilloma virus led head and neck squamous cell carcinomas among world largest continent. Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are not just like malignancies of uterine cervix, lymph nodes and breast cancers. Human papilloma virus led head and neck squamous cell carcinomas treatment directly impact Central nervous system in humans. Intriguingly, human papilloma virus mediated immune response increases patient survival, which indirectly transmit human papilloma virus in future generations and act as a potential threat developing neurogenic disorders. Methods: An objective based search strategy, following comprehensive and specific search approaches were made to retrieve recent 12 years research data from five different NCBI databases. Out of 300 shortlisted articles, only 24 principal studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Highest human papilloma virus prevalence (10.42 %) was found in South Asia, 5.8 % in South East Asia, 5.7 % East Asia, 2.5% in west Asia and no relevant updated data was found from central Asian continent. Highest prevalence (10%) of HPV genotype-16 was recorded in Asia among 3, 710 enrolled cases including 2201 males, 1149 females and 360 cases of unknown gender. While undifferentiated multiple HPV genotype prevalence was 5.5 % (204 cases). Lowest percentage of HPV sub-types 68, 72, 57, 39 were recorded respectively. Pakistan ranked top reporting highest number of HPV-16 cases, Taiwan HPV-18, India HPV-31, Japan HPV-35 and Singapore in HPV-16 and HPV-18 co-infection rates respectively. Conclusions: Exact prevalence of HPV associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas among Asian population is still debatable. Due to higher heterogeneity (P< 0.00001), I2 = 81-88% at 95 % confidence interval), non-availability and limitations of reported studies from Asian sub-continents especially central Asia, western Asia and from south and south east Asia demand large scale collaborative research culture to standardize head and neck squamous cell carcinomas aetiology.<br />