Evaluation of immune response after moderate and overtraining exercise in wistar rat

Abstract

<br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/><em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Objective(s): </span></em> <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">The effect of prolonged overtraining on cytokine kinetics was compared with moderate exercise in the present study. </span> <br/> <br/>Materials and Methods: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control sedentary (C), moderate trained (MT), (V=20 m/min, 30 min/day for 6 days a week, 8 weeks), overtrained (OT) (V=25 m/min, 60min/day for 6 days a week, 11 weeks) and recovered overtrained (OR) (OT plus 2 weeks recovery) groups, (n=6 for each group). Immediately, 24 hr and 2 weeks (in OR) after last bout of exercise blood samples were obtained. The plasma concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN were measured by ELISA method. </span></span> <br/>Results: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">Immediately after last bout of exercise the following findings were observed; IL-6, IL-10 and TNFαconcentrations increased in OT and OR groups compared with control (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.05–</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.001). Serum level of IL-4 decreased (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.01) but IFN increased (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.05) in MT group vs. control. In addition, circulatory levels of TNFα IL-6, IL-10 and IL-4 were higher but the IFN concentrations were lower in OT and OR groups than MT group (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.05-</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.01). The IFN-γIL4 ratio was significantly increased in MT (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">P</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><0.01) while it decreased in OT group. There were not statistical differences in TNFα IL-6, and IFN levels between different time intervals after exercise in MT, OT and OR groups. </span></span> <br/>Conclusion: <br/><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Cambria,Cambria; font-size: xx-small;">These data confirm a positive effect of moderate exercise on immune function and a decrease in susceptibility to viral infection by inducing Th1 cytokine profile shift. However, prolonged and overtraining exercise causes numerous changes in immunity that possibly reflects physiological stress and immune suppression. </span></span>