Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. of slaughtered cattle and sheep in Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Althoughpoultry meat is considered as the main source for human <em>Campylobacter</em> infections,there is limited information about non-poultry sources. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance of thermophilic <em>Campylobacter </em>spp. in fecal samples of the cattle and sheep in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 302fecal samples were obtained from clinically healthy, slaughtered cattle and sheep from Shiraz slaughterhouse. The animals were clinically healthy before being slaughtered. The samples were cultured according to the specific cultivation method under thermophilic conditions. The susceptibility of <em>Campylobacter </em>isolates were determined for 13 antimicrobial agents. All enriched samples and cultured isolates were targeted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of <em>16S rRNA</em> and multiplex PCR for determining their species. Among 302 fecal samples, 65 (21.5%) and 205 (67.8%) samples were positive for the presence of <em>Campylobacter</em> species with the cultivation and PCR techniques, respectively. All 65 distinct isolates were susceptible to neomycin and colistin and the isolates showed high resistance to cephalotin (83.0%) and ciprofloxacin (67.7%). After the multiplex PCR, 78.5% of total positive samples showed the simultaneous presence of <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> and<em> Campylobacter coli</em>. In conclusion, the results emphasized that non-poultry farms are important as a possible source of <em>Campylobacter</em> infections.