The Simulation on the Phase Formation of Bi-Ba-Ca-Cu-O high Temperature Superconductor

Abstract

The high-temperature superconductor like Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+d was prepared using the solid-state reaction method at different calcination temperatures including 780, 800, and 850 °C. X-ray diffraction technique was used to define crystal structure formation as a function of calcination temperature. It was found a tetragonal phase was obtained with lattice constants of a=b=4.2967, and c=36.5248 Å. It was found that there is a limited difference in the scattered peak intensities making a partial variation in the fraction volume of the phase formation. Such that the volume fraction of a high phase superconductor recorded 73.76% for the Bi-2223 phase at calcination temperature of 800 °C. There is high intensity for the most probable peaks in the prepared sample at a temperature of 800 °C mentioned by peaks (010), (110), and (0116) related to the tetragonal phase. Their intensities were twice incomparable with the peaks that appeared at calcination temperature at around 850 °C. That is returned to high tetragonally and high stability in the atomic distribution within the unit cell. The structure simulation was applied due to the experimental X-ray patterns to investigate the formation of tetragonal shape via a unit cell. A Williamson-Hall method was used to show the crystallite size and the possible strain in the unit cell. It was found the lowest value of strain about (0.0005) appeared at calcination temperature of 800 °C. SEM and EDS had accomplished the surface morphology and elements concentration, their results were confirmed with XRD analysis .