Background: Identification and quantification of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are important in controlling fungal diseases. Objectives: Potential of zearalenone, butenolide and fusarin C production was investigated ...

Background: Splicing by overlap extension (SOE) PCR is used to create mutation in the coding sequence of an enzyme in order to study the role of specific residues in protein's structure and function. Objectives: We introduced ...

Background: Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii is one of the most devastating diseases of sunflower worldwide. So far several dominant resistance genes designated as Pl have been identified and their molecular ...

Background:  Stresses such as heat shock, starvation, or osmotic is essential to lead isolated microspores towards embryogenesis. Despite the effectiveness of stresses in embryogenesis, they exert adverse effects on ...

Background: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an essential role in reproductive physiology and follicular development. Objective: A new variant of the equine fsh (efsh) gene was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in ...

Background: Rabies virus (RABV) is a deadly neurotropic virus that causes the disease of rabies in humans and animals. L protein is one of the large structural protein of rabies virus, which displays multiple enzymatic ...

Background: The tan spot disease of wheat caused by Pyrenophera tritici-repentis has become a major disease in most wheat growing areas worldwide. Objectives: Here we used ISSR and RAPD markers to study the genetic diversity ...

Background: The production of waste pollutants has become a major problem for many food and oil industries. However, oil wastes can provide alternative substrates for industry, which could help to solve environmental ...

Background: Tumor associated antigens can be viably used to enhance host immune response. Objectives: The immunomodulatory effect of biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was compared between treated and untreated mice ...