Toxicity mechanisms of chlorpyrifos on tissues of rainbow trout and brown trout: Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and acetylcholinesterase enzymes activity

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is used intensively as an insecticides. There is a high risk of interference with the aquatic environment due to unconscious use and has a negative effect on especially fish. In this study, the reactions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) exposed to the same pollutants were compared. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of CPF (0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg/l) through 21 days. After the process oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and neurotoxic markers (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. CPF exposure led to a significant change in the enzyme activities. AChE decreased in all tissue (p <0.05). SOD, CAT, G6PD, GR, GST, GPx and MDA levels showed tissue-specific activities (p <0.05). These results put forward a close relationship between AChE inhibition and chlorpyrifos concentrations.