The use of huge quantity of natural fine aggregate (NFA) and cement in civil construction work which have given rise to various ecological problems. The industrial waste like Blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, metakaolin, ...

Knowing the lake's characteristics information such as depth is an essential requirement for the water managers; however, conducting a comprehensive bathymetric survey is considered as a difficult task. After the advent ...

Optimization of truss structures including topology, shape and size optimization were investigated by different researchers in the previous years. The aim of this study is discrete and continuous size optimization of ...

The time-cost trade-off problem pertains to the assessment of the best method of activity construction so that a project is completed within a given deadline and at least cost. Although several evolutionary-type of algorithms ...