Access to justice consists of equal enjoyment and fulfillment of all members of society, especially those potentially,  deprived of rights e.g. vulnerable groups, from high quality legal services, access to judicial ...

Although the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which was ratified by the Iranian parliament in March 1994, had a paramount role in considering children's interests, the notion of the Best Interest of the Child ...

From the earliest days of their existence, humans have had close interaction with the natural environment surrounding them, in order to satisfy their survival and reproductive needs as well as their mental and cultural ...

The core concept of “cultural landscapes" is a tool that has helped shape research agendas and policy in several disciplines. These include, for example, archaeology, anthropology, cultural heritage law, economic development ...

At the early stages of the formation of human developed societies, penal reactions to political crimes were mainly within the protection sphere provided for the sovereign as the first representation of public sovereignty. ...

This paper looks at what the concept of intangible cultural heritage means for indigenous peoples. It will consider how that heritage has been and continues to be appropriated, used without consent, commoditised or profaned. ...

Prior to the Bill Defining ‘Political Crimes', passed on January 24, 2016 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iran's Parliament), the term "political offenses" was never defined in Iran legal sphere, as a jurisdiction ...

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which entered into force in 2008, has been ratified or acceded to by 183 countries. The author examines the elusive juridical notion of “legal ...

The metaphysical essence of nihilism embodies a radical devaluing of reality and a depreciation of life in being ontologically fixated on non-being and at times appealing to positivistic scientism to flatten existence and ...

This is not an essay on the acts of violence, but on violence per se. The purpose is to expose violence for what it is in its essence, so as to renounce it, and thus make room for genuine peace. It is widely ...

This article seeks to take a broadly human rights-based perspective to the question of the role that religion can play in building peace, preventing violence and reaching reconciliation in post-conflict situations. It takes ...

Terrorism is one of the most serious phenomena of concern to many countries as well as to the international community as a whole at least during last decades. In the meanwhile of its several characteristics, including the ...

Public opinion is regarded as one of the main factors determining the severity of actions taken by the judiciary towards criminals. Its role is also being emphasized in the criminal policy, either criminalization, penalization ...

With a civilization that is thousands of years old, culture and nature have formed close linkages in Iran that are more complex than commonly recognized by mainstream environmental institutions and programmes. Cultural ...

In an inclusive examination of documents and basic principles of international cooperation, one might find that the improvement of human rights in a given country takes place as a result of several underlying measures such ...

The protection of witnesses, both from the perspective of individual rights and from the perspective of public good and social expediency, has always been the focus of legal schools because witnesses and the informed either ...

Political crime is regarded to be a recent term introduced in Iran simultaneously with the Constitutional Revolution (Mashrooteh). Despite the fact that the duty to define and the determination of its instances ...