Biodegradation of Environmental Pollution through Microorganisms

Abstract

One of the best ways to eliminate environmental pollutions is biodegradation using microorganisms and plants. Biotechnology is key science and technology that is rapidly examining and developing in various environmental fields. Environmental biotechnology, in fact, allows to help preserve and develop the environment by utilizing the potential of plant biocatalysts and natural and recombinant microorganisms (Yeasts, fungi and bacteria). In this regard, biotechnology has contributed to the development of microorganisms and plants using genetic engineering technology and recombinant DNA. It has been effective in the purification of environmental pollution such as soil and water pollutants, and the removal of hydrocarbons from oil and heavy metals, and has been able to produce genetically modified organisms with high efficiency. Also, by creating advanced technologies related to the production of biofuels and bioplastics, it has significantly contributed to protecting health and preventing environmental pollution. Iran, as a developing country, is involved with numerous pollutants and various environmental crises. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and take necessary actions in the field of research and development of environmental science and biotechnology. In this work, a general overview of the most important applications of environmental biotechnology has been done to eliminate environmental pollution.