Introduction: Heart rate progressively increases with exercise through the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.These nerves control the performance of sinoatrial node. Lack of heart rate increase ...

Variant angina (VA), first described by Prinzmetal in 1959, is caused by transient and recurrent coronary spasm and leads to repetitive episodes of transmural myocardial ischemia. A 59-year-old man with a history of ...

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any association between the optimal increase in mitral valve area and mitral transvalvular gradient decrement and pulmonary arterial pressure decrement after ...

Thyroid hormone and its metabolism have been shown to be abnormal in patients with non-thyroidal illnesses such as those with advanced heart failure. Free T3/Reverse T3 ratio is believed to be associated with a reduced ...

Background: Intraoperative trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) and Saline injection pressurization of the left ventricle are the most popular methods to evaluate the repaired mitral valve during mitral valve repair ...