Assessment of Agaricus Bisporus S-II Extract as a Bio-Controlling Agent against Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species

Abstract

<em>Agaricus </em>bisporus mushrooms are well known for their nutritional and medicinal values. <em>A. bisporus</em> is a source of protein (about 40% on a dry basis), ergosterol, several minerals, carbohydrate, and fat. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of <em>A. bisporus </em>S-II<em> </em>extracts on human pathogenic bacteria <em>in-vitro</em> condition. Totally, three human pathogenic bacterial strains (MTCC culture type) were procured from the Institute of Microbial Technology, India. Out of these three bacterial strains, one was Gram-negative (namely <em>P. aeruginosa </em>MTCC741), and the other two were Gram-positive (<em>B. cereus</em> MTCC9786 and <em>S. aureus </em>MTCC740). Microdilution assay was applied for the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in methanol extract (26.5%) against<strong><em> </em></strong><em>S. aureus</em> MTCC740, compared to ethanol extract (17%). Similar results were obtained for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> MTCC741 (21.8%)<em> </em>and <em>B. cereus</em> MTCC9786 (15%) in methanol extract. Least microbial growth inhibition observed for <em>B. cereus</em> MTCC9786 (13.82%) followed by<em> P. aeruginosa</em> MTCC741 (14%), compared to control in ethanol extract. The highest antimicrobial activity up to 17% with ethanolic extracts recorded against <em>S. aureus </em>MTCC740<em>.</em> The MIC results in microtitre plates showed the growth inhibition of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> MTCC741 and <em>S. aureus </em>MTCC740 at extract concentrations of 15 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively. However, no MIC detected for <em>B. cereus </em>MTCC9786 below 20 mg/ml extract concentration. Regarding minimum bactericidal concentration, the bactericidal value for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> MTCC741 and <em>S. aureus</em> MTCC740 was obtained at 10 mg/ml concentration. The present study indicated that the extracts of the <em>A. bisporus</em> S-II mushrooms had promising antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms.