Nano Analysis in Biochemistry: In Vitro Separation and Determination of Aluminium in Blood of Dialysis Patients Based on Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Dispersed to Ionic Liquid

Abstract

The highest concentration of aluminium (Al) in human blood has toxic effect and so, extraction from human body is very important. In this procedure, an efficient and new method based on graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) dispersed in ionic liquid (IL) was used for in-vitro separation/extraction of trace Al from the blood of dialysis patients by ultrasound assisted-dispersive-micro solid phase extraction (USA-D-μSPE) procedure. Under optimized conditions, the linear range (LR), limit of detection (LOD) and preconcentration factor (PF) were obtained 0.1–4.8 μg L−1, 0.02 μg L−1 and 25 for blood samples, respectively (RSD<5%). The results of blood samples showed us, that the aluminum concentration after dialysis was higher than before dialysis (128.6±6.7 vs 31.8±1.6, P<0.05). The mean of blood aluminum was significantly higher in dialysis patients than in normal control, respectively (113 5±7.12 vs 1.2±0.1). The developed method based on GONPs/IL was successfully applied for extraction of critical level aluminum from human blood and suggested for in-vivo extraction from human body of dialysis patients after supporting on an appropriate surface<br />with biocompatible materials within the human body.