International Challenges of Smart Cities

Abstract

The world's urban population is expected to be proliferated due to raised use of energy, increased air pollution, increasing traffic in urban areas, increasing usage of food, and reduced food production. There are numerous available solutions in this field, but achieving smart cities is one the furthermost effective ways. Smart city has improved ICT infrastructure as a versatile, reliable, changeable, accessible, safe and flexible one and thus has enhanced the quality of life and health of citizens. It has achieved remarkable economic growth while it is stable and has developed physical infrastructurebased services. It also has straighten the prevention and management of natural and human caused disasters and ascertained moderation in law fulfilment through governmental, political and participatory processes mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to identify challenges in regard to realization of smart cities and identify challenges after their creation. This research is a narrative review; that is a type of methodological approach and Status quo review. In this research, challenges were identified and analyzed by analyzing available data; consequently, challenges are classified to: challenges before creation of smart city and challenges afterward. Finally challenges such as: infrastructure challenges, economic challenges, managerial challenges, challenges of integration between sciences, technology and theory in advance, cultural challenges, technology trap challenges, and educational challenges after achievement have been extracted. For a successful planning in the field of smart cities, it is vital to take all of the mentioned challenges to account.