Potential of Cyperus alternifolius, Amaranthus retroflexus, Closia cristata and Bambusa vulgaris to phytoremediate emerging contaminants and phytodesalination; Insight to floating beds technology

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to consider the potential of different aquatic and terrestrial plants (Cyperus alternifolius, Amaranthus retroflexus, Closia cristata and Bambusa vulgaris( for phytoremediation of pollutants and phytodesalination through floating bed system. In this study, when Cyperus alternifolius plants were exposed to atrazine) 20 mg L -1(, OPC-LD )20 mg L -1(, OPC-LD )50 mg L -1(, fluorine )3.5 mg L -1(, and 1-4 Dioxane )25 mg L -1(, in a mesocosm treatment floating bed system, the phytoremediation efficiencies were 91.28 ± 6.35%, 82.33 ± 2.51 %, 75.67 ± 3.05%, 62.28 ± 5.77% and 42.29 ± 2.27 % respectively. When Amaranthus retroflexus plants were exposed to metformin )20 and 50 mg L-1( and OCP-LD )20 and 50 mg L-1(, 63 ± 5.24 %, 58.4 ± 2.11%, 38 ± 1.73 %, and 29 ± 01 % of the pollutants were removed. In the case of Closia cristata, the most efficiency belonged to metformin with a concentration of 50 mg L-1 . The results showed that in water containing NaCl in a range of 1000 to 2000 mg L-1 , Bambusa vulgaris with an efficiency of about 32.62 ± 4.65 % is a good candidate for phytodesalination. Consequently, C. alternifolius, a fast-growing plant with a good ecological stability in polluted water, can absorb pollutants and remains healthy after the treatment period. It is a good candidate for phytoremediation in vegetated floating beds.