Numerical solution of delay differential equations via operational matrices of hybrid of block-pulse functions and Bernstein polynomials

Abstract

<br />In this paper, we introduce hybrid of block-pulse functions and Bernstein polynomials and derive operational matrices of integration, dual, differentiation, product and delay of these hybrid functions by a general procedure that can be used for other polynomials or orthogonal functions. Then, we utilize them to solve delay differential equations and time-delay system. The method is based upon expanding various time-varying functions as their truncated hybrid functions. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity, efficiency and applicability of the method.