Primary Extra Nodal Non Hodgkin Lymphoma: A 5 Year Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Background and Aim: The incidence of extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphoma (ENL) is rising throughoutthe world. However, data regarding ENL as a group is limited. The aim was to study the epidemiological andhistomorphological trends of primary ENL (pENL) in India. Material and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The biopsy materials fromsixty eight patients with pENL (45 male, 23 female, M:F= 1.9:1), diagnosed over a five year period (2005-2009),were analysed and pathologically reclassified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification,2008 criteria. <br/><b>Results</b>: Primary extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphomas constituted 22.0% (68/308) of all nonHodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The mean age at presentation for pENL and primary nodal NHL was 43 years and58 years, respectively with a male predilection (M: F=2:1). Central nervous system (CNS) constituted the mostcommon extranodal site (20/68, 29.5%) followed by gastrointestinal tract (17/68, 25%), and nose/nasopharynx(8/68, 11.8%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, not otherwise specified), extranodal marginal lymphomaof mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, and B cell NHL unclassified (U) were the three most commonhistological types observed. T-cell phenotype was rarely noted (4%). Follicular lymphomas and anaplastic largecell lymphoma, seen among nodal NHL, were absent at extra nodal sites. Majority (41/68, 60%) of the patientswith pENL were immunocompetent and 55% were in stage I-II with favorable prognosis. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Centralnervous system was the most common site of ENL, followed by gastrointestinal tract. Majority of pENL occurredin immunocompetent hosts with a favorable prognosis.