In this paper, based on error correction model by using panel data, an empirical analysis of demand for international reserves for 16 Islamic countries is investigated. Besides addressing conventional issues, the ...

Estimation (Forecasting) of industrial production costs is one of the most important factor affecting decisions in the highly competitive markets. Thus, accuracy of the estimation is highly desirable. Hibrid Regression ...

The growth of regional trade blocks has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years. Regional agreements vary widely but, all have the objective of reducing barriers to trade between member ...

This paper examines the causal relationship between energy use and real GDP for the period 1967-2002 in Iran. The results of Phillips- Perron test indicate that the real GDP and the four categories of energy, i.e. coal, ...

In the second half of the last century, tremendous efforts were devoted to identifying sources of economic success by a few countries and causes of failure by most. In this process a voluminous literature ranging from the ...

The main purpose of this paper is analyses the short and long run relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit in some MENA countries. The data cover the period from 1971-2000 (and for I.R. IRAN 1 959-2003).The ...