Sucrose catalyzes synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene: Insight to the kinetics

Abstract

Sucrose is applied as an efficient catalyst for the three-component reaction consisting of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and resorcinol in a mixture of water and ethanol media as green solvents. The advantages of this method are excellent yeild, inexpensive catalyst and more environmentally friendly. Mechanistic insight into the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene included spectral kinetics approaches is revealed. From the temperature, concentration and solvent studies, the activation energy (Ea=102 kJmol-1) and the related kinetic parameters (ΔGǂ=41 kJmol-1, ΔSǂ=195 Jmol-1 and ΔHǂ=99 kJ mol-1) are calculated. The first step of proposed mechanism is recognized as a rate-determining step (k1) and this is confirmed based upon the steady-state approximation.