The Effect of Self Care Education Based on Orem’s Nursing Theory on Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Hypertension: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

<strong>Background: </strong>Improvement of the quality of life and self-efficacy of patients with hypertension is<br /> essential. The present study aimed to determine the effect of self-care education based on Orem's<br /> nursing theory on the quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with hypertension.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Mamasani, Iran, 2015. Eighty patients<br /> were selected using convenient sampling and divided equally into two control and experimental<br /> groups based on random allocation. An educational program based on Orem's nursing theory and<br /> according to the needs of patients was conducted in the experimental group. Data were collected<br /> before, immediately after, and eight weeks after the intervention using “Quality of Life of Cardiac<br /> Patients" and “Strategies Used by People to Promote Health" Questionnaires". Data were analyzed<br /> using SPSS 18; Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Analysis of Variances with Repeated Measures<br /> were used to analyze the data<strong>.</strong><br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The mean score of the quality of life in the experimental group was significantly higher than<br /> the control group eight weeks after the intervention (106.5±26.5 vs. 85.5±22.5, P=0.03). However, this<br /> difference was not significant immediately after the intervention (94.4±25.3 vs. 87.2±22.8, P=0.32).<br /> The mean scores of self-efficacy were not significantly different from those of the control group<br /> immediately after (68.5±12.7 vs. 66.5±12.2, P=0.47) and eight weeks after the intervention (70.5±13.5<br /> vs. 65.7±12.0, P=0.10).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that training self-care based on Orem's theory can improve the quality<br /> of life of patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses in outpatient care of<br /> patients with hypertension should apply this theory.