Determinants of Smoking Initiation and Susceptibility toFuture Smoking among School-Going Adolescents in LagosState, Nigeria

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> It is projected that low and middle-income countries will bear a major burden of tobacco relatedmorbidity and mortality, yet, only limited information is available on the determinants of smoking initiationamong youth in Africa. This study aimed to assess the determinants of smoking initiation and susceptibility tofuture smoking among a population of high school school students in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Baseline data from an intervention study designed to assess the effect of an anti-smoking awareness program onthe knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents was analyzed. The survey was carried out in six randomlyselected public and private secondary schools in local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 973students completed self-administered questionnaires on smoking initiation, health related knowledge and attitudestowards smoking, susceptibility to future smoking and other factors associated with smoking. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of therespondents, 9.7% had initiated smoking tobacco products with the predominant form being cigarettes (7.3%).Males (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.65-4.66) and those with more pro-smoking attitudes (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.34-1.54)were more likely to have initiated smoking. Those with parents and friends who are smokers were 3.47 (95%CI:1.50-8.05) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.27-4.01) times more likely to have initiated smoking. Non-smoking students, inprivately owned schools (OR: 5.08), with friends who smoke (5.09), with lower knowledge (OR: 0.87) and morepro-smoking attitudes (OR 1.13) were more susceptible to future smoking. In addition, respondents who hadbeen sent to purchase cigarettes by an older adult (OR: 3.68) were also more susceptible to future smoking.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Being male and having parents who smoke are predictors of smoking initiation among these students.Consistent with findings in other countries, peers not only influence smoking initiation but also influence smokingsusceptibility among youth in this African setting. Prevention programs designed to reduce tobacco use amongin-school youth should take these factors into consideration. In line with the recommendations of article 16 ofthe WHO FCTC, efforts to enforce the ban on the sales of cigarettes to minors should be also emphasised.