Multiple Sclerosis in Iran

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). This highly<br />disabling disorder is characterized by a variable clinical course. MS is a heterogeneous disease with a<br />complex pathology and significant social and economic impact. MS is associated with dysfunction of<br />parts of the nervous system which results in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental,<br />and sometimes psychiatric problems. There is no definite treatment for MS. Iran has been thought<br />to be located in the low risk zone of MS prevalence. However, recent studies and investigations in<br />some cities such as Isfahan, a central province of Iran, have suggested a medium-to-high risk level<br />of MS prevalence. Pathophysiological processes in MS contribute to the disease course and clinical<br />manifestations. Therefore, biomarkers that are indicators of these events would provide significant<br />potential for diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and optimization of therapeutic responses. This<br />review provides information on the prevalence of MS and some risk factors among Iranian people.