Dietary Nutrient Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study from Iran

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in the world. Although some associations between<br />dietary intakes and prostate cancer have been found, the effects of dietary nutrients interactions have not yet evaluated.<br />The aim of this study is to assess the association between nutrient patterns and risk of prostate cancer. Methods and<br />Materials: Ninety-seven patients with prostate cancer and 205 controls were asked about their demographic and dietary<br />intakes using validated questionnaires. To extract nutrient patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the<br />35 nutrient items were applied. Varimax rotation was used for improving interpretation and minimizing correlation<br />between the factors. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)<br />of prostate cancer by higher scores on the nutrient patterns. Results: High adherence to the “plant source" pattern was<br />negatively associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 0.29 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile; 95% CI= 0.13 – 0.65;<br />P value for trend:<0.003). Similarly, the “antioxidant and fiber" pattern was associated with decreasing risk of prostate<br />cancer (OR 0.06 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile;95% CI=0.02 – 0.19; P value for trend:<0.001). There was<br />no significant association for the “mixed" and “vitamin and minerals" pattern with risk of prostate cancer. Conclusion:<br />This study confirms the potential and important role of nutrients on prostate cancer risk. Our finding revealed that<br />“antioxidant and fiber" and “plant source" pattern is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk; however, further<br />longitudinal and trial studies are needed to make a firm conclusion.