Evaluation of MRI-based Polymer Gel Dosimetry for Measurement of CT Dose Index (CTDI) on 64 slices CT Scanners

Abstract

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Computed tomography (CT) has numerous applications in clinical procedures but its main problem is its high radiation dose to the patients compared to other imaging modalities using x-ray. CT delivers approximately high doses to the nearby tissues due to the scattering effect, fan beam (beam divergence) and limited collimator efficiency. The radiation dose from multi-slice scanners is greater than the single-slice scanners and since multi-slice scanners increasingly employ a wide beam, 100 mm ion chambers currently used in measuring the CTDI₁₀₀, are not capable of accurately measuring the total dose profile of the slice width. Therefore, the CT dose is underestimated by using them. The purpose of this study is to measure the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) of a GE multi-slice CT scanner (64-slice) using polymer gel dosimetry based on MRI imaging (MRPD). CTDI is the sum of point doses along the central axis and estimates the average patient dose during CT scanning. <br/><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: For measuring CTDI, after designing and fabricating the phantom and preparing the MAGIC gel, MRI imaging using a 1.5 T Siemens MRI scanner was performed with the imaging parameters of ST = 2 mm, NEX = 1, TE = 20-640 ms and TR = 2000 ms. CTDI was measured with a 100 mm ion chamber (CTDI₁₀₀) and also the MAGIC gel with MRPD method for 10 mm and 40 mm CT scan nominal widths. <br/><strong>Results:</strong> Following the measurement of the CTDI₁₀₀ for 10 mm and 40 mm nominal slice widths of the multi-slice scanner using both ion chamber and MAGIC gel, the results showed that the ion chamber underestimates CTDI₁₀₀by 28.71% and 14.03% compared to gel for 10 mm and 40 mm respectively. <br/><strong>Discussion and Conclusion</strong>: It was concluded from this study that gel dosimeters have the capability to measure CTDI in wide beams of multi-slice CT scanners whereas 100 mm standard ion chamber due to its limited length is not reliable even for a 10 mm beam width. In addition, due to the 3 dimensional nature of gel dosimetry, by using a MAGIC polymer gel, it is possible to obtain a lot of important information from the mentioned profiles such as the actual slice thickness and z-axis geometric efficiency. In addition to the stated parameters, the percentages of the total and partial homogeneities in the slice plane can be obtained only from gel dosimetry. The results of this study show that MAGIC polymer gel dosimetry based on MRI can be used as a supplementary method to using conventional ion chamber dosimetry especially in measurements for slice widths greater than 2 mm.