Introduction: There is a strong need for developing clinical technologies and instruments for prompt tissue assessment in a variety of oncological applications as smart methods. Elastic scattering ...

Introduction: In radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS), basic input is the data from computed tomography (CT) scan, which takes into account the effect of inhomogeneities in dose calculations. ...

Introduction: In digital radiography, radiographers tend to increase exposure factors to acquire an acceptable image quality thereby increasing radiation dose to patients.  Regarding this, the ...

Introduction: Coronary angiography is the most common angiographic procedure for diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD), dose ...

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of visual loss among the elderly. It causes degeneration of cells in the macula. Early diagnosis can be helpful in ...