Introduction:  Image  distortion  is  one  of  the  major  problems  of  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI) for use in 3DMRI, velocity MRI, FMRI and radiotherapy treatment planning (RTTP). It is  widely known ...

Introduction: One of the major causes of image non-uniformity in MRI is due to the existence of  non-homogeneity in RF receive and transmit. This can be the most effective source of error in  quantitative ...

Introduction: In 2000, the UNSCEAR reported that CT constitutes 5% of all the medical x-ray  examinations and it contributes 34% of the resultant collective dose worldwide. Children are more  sensitive to the ...

Introduction:  Skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. However, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons ...

Introduction:  On  the  basis  of  percent  depth  dose  (PDD)  calculation,  the  application  of  dosimetry  in  radiotherapy  has  an  important  role  to  play  in  reducing  the  chance  of  tumor  recurrence. ...

Introduction: Among the environmental pollutions, noise is very important for its physiological  and psychological effects on human. Traffic noise is one of the most important pollutants and the  hospitals  are ...

Introduction: The radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) has found widespread clinical applications in  tumor  diagnosis.  Human  epithelial  mucin,  MUC1,  is  commonly  over  expressed  in  adenocarcinoma including ...

Introduction:  The  success  of  hyperthermia  depends  on  the  accuracy  of  the  temperature  monitoring in the tumor and the surrounding normal tissue. In this study, the temperature changes  were determined ...