Prostate Specific Antigen, Mean Platelet Volume, and Platelet Distribution Width in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the sixth<br />leading cause for cancer related death among men worldwide. Although use of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) as<br />a diagnostic marker has improved the detection and management of PCa, low specificity and sensitivity has limited its<br />clinical efficacy. Moreover, elevated PSA is frequently observed in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Mean platelet<br />volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are commonly used indicators of platelet activation. The purpose<br />of current study was to investigate the ability of PSA, MPV, and PDW individually or in combination, to differentiate<br />PCa from BPH. Materials and Methods: This study included 100 patients with PCa and 108 patients with BPH. We<br />collected all participants' clinical and laboratory characteristics. The benefit of adding MPV and PDW to a model<br />with only PSA was evaluated as an increased in the area under the curve (AUC) obtained by receiver operating curve<br />(ROC). Results: PCa patients had reduced MPV and elevated PSA and PDW levels compared to BPH patients. Single<br />biomarkers had AUC values ranging from 0.683 for PDW to 0.865 for PSA. Moreover, the combination of PSA, MPV,<br />and PDW increased the AUC to 0.935 (0.892-0.964) (p<0.0001), significantly higher than those of any single marker.<br />Conclusions: The combined use of PSA, MPV, and PDW may be clinically useful in distinguishing between PCa and<br />BPH.