Comparison of Myometrial Invasion and Tumor Free Distance from Uterine Serosa in Endometrial Cancer

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> We aimed to investigate whether the tumor free distance (the distance between the uterineserosa and the tumor at its deepest point) is useful in surgical staging and in predicting prognosis. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Data from patients who underwent complete surgical staging for endometrial cancer betweenJanuary 2006 and June 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All demographic findings, surgical stages, histologicaltype and grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion as well as abdominal cytology, cervical,adnexal, and omental involvement, and lymph node metastasis were recorded. The relations between myometrialinvasion and tumor free distance from uterine serosa with prognostic factors were investigated. <br/><b>Results</b>: Seventypatients were included in the study. Sixty-four (91.5%) had endometrioid type cancers and forty-four (62.9%)were grade 1. The deepest myometrial invasion was less than 1/2 in 42 patients (60%). In 18 patients (25.8%)lymphovascular invasion was noted. Eight (11.4%) were found to have cervical involvement, five (7.1%) hadadnexal involvement and in 4 cases (5.7%) the peritoneal washings included malignant cells. Four patients hadpelvic and one para-aortic node metastasis. We recognized that an invasion of more than 1/2 was correlatedsignificantly with lymphovascular space involvement, histological grade, positive abdominal washing cytology,nodal and cervical involvement, but not with adnexal involvement. Tumor-free myometrial thickness wasnegative and statistically significant correlated with surgical stage, histological grade, lymphovascular spaceinvolvement, positive abdominal washing cytology, cervical and adnexal involvement. The importance of tumorfreemyometrial thickness in determinating the lymphovascular space invasion was found to be highest in termsof sensitivity and specificity when crossing the ROC curve at 11 millimeters. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Depth of myometrialinvasion is more valuable for predicting lymph node metastasis than tumor-free myometrial thickness. Thetumor-free myometrial thickness provides a better prediction for adnexal involvement.