Time Trends in the Incidence of Cancer Cervix in Karachi South, 1995-2002

Abstract

<br/><b>Introduction</b>: The objective of the study was to determine the trends of cancer cervix in Karachi Southduring an eight (1995-2002) year period. Methodology: Cancer cervix cases recorded at Karachi Cancer Registryduring 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were analyzed. Trends were studied by analyzing the agestandardized incidence rates (ASR)s in 2 time periods, 1995-97 and 1998-2002. <br/><b>Results</b>: Cancer cervix rankedsixth in the 1995-97 period the age standardized incidence rate (ASR) world and crude incidence rate (CIR) per100,000 were 6.81 and 3.22. It reached the fifth ranking in the 1998-2002 period with an ASR and CIR of 7.5and 4.0 per 100,000. Thus between 1995 and 2002, the incidence of cervical cancer registered an approximate10% increase. The mean age of the cancer cases was 53.27 years (SD 11.6; 95% CI 50.58, 55.96; range 32-85years) and 50.68 years (SD 11.7; 95% CI 48.8, 52.5; range 51 years) in period 1 and 2 respectively. Themorphological components of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma remained stable during this period,though a marginally higher component and increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma was observed throughout.A negligible down staging was observed in the 1998-2002 period. Localized malignancy was observed in 30.8%in period 2 as compared to 25.7% in period 1 and the component of carcinoma in situ increased from 0%percent in period 1 to 1.3% in the second period. Despite this two thirds of the cases still presented with aregional or distant spread of disease. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Pakistan at present falls into a low risk cancer cervix region.The cause of concern is the steadily increasing incidence especially in the younger birth cohorts, the advanceddisease at presentation; insignificant in-situ cancers and no preventive intervention or awareness practices inplace.