Do Cross-Registry Comparisons of Black and White Americans Provide Support for N-Acetylation as an Important Determinant for Urinary Bladder and Other Tobacco-related Cancers?

Abstract

Tobacco smoking is an unequivocal risk factor for cancers of the larynx, lung, pancreas and urinary bladder.Whereas African-Americans demonstrate higher laryngeal, lung and pancreatic cancer rates than their Caucasian-American counterparts, they paradoxically have only approximately half of the urinary bladder incidences. Onepossible explanation is their N-acetyltransferase (NAT) status, since this enzyme is responsible for metabolism ofarylamines in smoke and blacks are reported to have a higher rate for rapid acetylation than whites. However, othertobacco-related cancers are also linked to slow acetylation so that African-Americans might therefore also be expectedto have lower incidences of other tobacco-related cancers. The present investigation was conducted with data fromCancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol VIII to assess whether there might be correlations between incidence ratesfor four major cancers across registries in the United States. Cluster analysis demonstrated clear separation of thewhite and black populations for all states, and significant correlations were observed between bladder and laryngealcancers, and also for lung and laryngeal cancers, for both Blacks and Whites. Striking similarities in the plots forurinary bladder incidence against all three of the other cancers suggests the existence of a factor specific to thebladder. A review of black-white ratios for cancer incidences in all major body sites in both sexes and the publishedliterature for NAT polymorphisms provided evidence that this might indeed be arylamine exposure, although otherfactors could also be involved.