Antimetastatic Potential of Garcinone E in Human Oral Cancer Cells

Abstract

Objective: Oral cancer presents as a devastating type of malignancy. It is predominant in populations with high<br />use of alcohol and various forms of tobacco as well as poor diets with low intake of fruits and vegetables. The present<br />study focused on the potential of Garcinone E to inhibit HSC-4 oral cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.<br />Methods: MTT and colony forming assays were performed to study antiproliferative effects of Garcinone E. Hoechst<br />staining was used to determine levels of apoptosis, with cell invasion and scratch assays conducted for migration and<br />invasion characteristics. The levels of MMPs and cytokines were quantified in Garcinone E treated cells by ELISA.<br />Results: Garcinone E inhibited the proliferation and colony forming potential of HSC-4 cells. It also suppressed<br />migration and invasion with inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Moreover, it elevated IL-2 and reduced<br />IL-6 expression in HSC-4 cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Garcinone E might inhibit<br />metastasis of an oral cancer cell line by blocking invasion, migration and MMP production.