In vitro Callus Induction and Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents in Leaves and Callus of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica

Abstract

In order to optimize callus induction in <em>Pistacia atlantica</em> Desf. subsp. <em>kurdica</em> Rech. f., the effect of different plant growth regulator (PGR) combinations were studied. Inflorescence axis explants were cultured on WPM medium supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 mg/L of TDZ or 1, 2 and 3 mg/L of BA, in combination with 1mg/l different auxins: 2, 4-D, NAA and IBA . Callus initiation was observed in all media evaluated and the highest percentage (100%) was observed in medium containing 1 mg/L BA or TDZ and 1 mg/L NAA. Additionally, anthocyanin, total phenolic compound of callus and immature fruits were measured. Anthocyanin content of callus and immature fruits were 79.42 ± 4.63 and 61.71 ± 3.81 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g fresh weights, respectively. Total phenolic content of callus and fruits were 4.91 ± 0.492 and 5.1 ± 0.780 mg gallic acid/g fresh weights. GC-MS analysis of essential oil constituents of <em>P. atlantica</em> subsp. <em>kurdica</em> callus and leaves showed 8 kinds of substances in callus and 13 in leaves. Main composition of callus extract were alpha pinene (89.19%), camphene (1.09%) and Bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene (3.40%) and it was alpha Pinene (15.63%), gamma elemene (33.84%) and caryophyllene (9.26%) in leaves.