The battle of Muslims with the Crusaders took place when disturbances in the region of Sham, especially in the north, prevented their confrontation with European forces; as a result, the circumstances were brought about ...

Carmelite missionaries as the Vatican's ambassadors and representatives arrived in Iran since the reign of Shah Abbas I. They were engaged in the extension of catholic Christianity in Iran in various political, religious, ...

Ibn al Jazzar as the first Muslim physician has done works on medical sciences in North Africa. Apparently, he has had accessed to some of works in Greek and used them to compile over forty books. He has also made them ...