A Comparison of Morphological Traits in Three Ornamental Species of <i>Cyclamen</i>, <i>Primula</i> and <i>Viola</i> in Nature (Forest Lands) with Their Cultured Samples in West Mazandaran Province

Abstract

The attitude of policymakers and designers of green space is increasing toward to native-ornamental species to plant in the urban space because of their adaptation and resistance against severe weather and ecological conditions which can result in cost minimization and long-term survival in green spaces. Hence, the current study was carried out in the west of Mazandaran Province on three wild and domestic species, including <em>Cyclamen</em>, <em>Primula</em>, and <em>Viola</em>. Morphological traits were the appearance of blossom, length and width of leaf, pedicel, petiolate, and flower. Homogeneity of variance was done by Levene test and two groups, including wild and domestic species, were also compared by independent t-test. Results showed that all measured traits were higher in the domestic species than in wild species except wild species of <em>Viola </em>which had higher length, width, and area than the domestic one. All domestic species showed longer flowering period than wild ones. Two species of domestic and wild <em>Primula</em> enable to be green after flowering period, but domestic <em>Viola</em> and wild <em>Cyclamen</em> disappeared after the period. Moreover, wild <em>Viola</em> and domestic <em>Cyclamen</em> survived after flowering finalization