Efflux Pump Inhibitors Derived From Natural Sources as Novel Antibacterial Agents Against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: A Review

Abstract

Infections resulting from <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>are important due to their highest resistance against all clinically used antibiotics. To date, 11 different efflux pumps of the RND family in <em>P. aeruginosa </em>that enable the efflux of antibiotics/anti-microbial production have been detected. Carvacrol of <em>Satureja khuzestanica </em>is one of the most effective compounds with the ability to affect bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate herbal compounds with inhibitory activities. These pumps include MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, MexGHI-OpmD, MexJK-OprM/OpmH, MexMN, MexPQ-OpmE, MexVW-OprM, MexXY-OprM, TriABC-OpmH, and MuxABC-OpmB (1). Unfortunately, among bacteria, <em>P. aeruginosa </em>are highly resistant to drug compounds (3). Because of this high resistance, its importance in nosocomial infections and burns, and that it often causes diseases in immunocompromised patients, finding a therapeutic supplement is essential. In this study, drug compounds against efflux pump genes were sought.