Acute toxicity of povidone-iodine (Betadine) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758)

Abstract

Organisms in aquatic environments are exposed to a number of pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. As such, the aim of the present study is to achieve the Lethal Concentration (LC₅₀) of Povidone-iodine (Betadine) for <em>Cyprinus</em> <em>carpio</em>. To do so, the study employs samples, weighing 4±1 [mean±SD] gr, and carries out an experiment in static condition. Based on OECD instructions, after a period of 4 days under controlled water, the physicochemical factors give the following results: pH= 8-8.3, BOD= 690 mg/l, total hardness= 210 mg, and CaCo3 and temperature= 17±0.1 °C. All fish are acclimatized for 10 days in an aquarium, 60×55×30 cm in size, which included the control group (no toxic concentration) as well as the treated aquariums, with Betadine concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 400, and 600 mg/l. LC₁₀, LC₂₀, LC₃₀, LC₄₀, LC₅₀, LC₆₀, LC₇₀, LC₈₀, LC₉₀, and LC₉₅ have been measured for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. LC₅₀ 24h Betadine for <em>C. carpio</em> has been 158.273 ml/l, showing no mortality after 24 hours (i.e. 48h, 72h, and 96h). Results of the present study suggest that Betadine is practically nontoxic and not irritant at low concentrations for this species and it has a short half-life in aquatic environments.