Potentiometric Determination of La(III) Using Chitosan Modified Carbon Paste Electrode with An experimental Design

Abstract

In this work, <em>D</em>-optimal mixture design was applied as an experimental design to screen and optimize the effect of the composition of a carbon paste on its performance. In this study, chitosan was offered as a ligand for the determination of La(III) with the carbon paste electrode. In the fabricated sensor, the greatest nernstian slope was achieved on the optimized mixture composition by experimental design: 60.00% w/w powder graphite, 1.53% w/w multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 29.79% w/w paraffin oil, and 8.68% w/w chitosan. MWCNT was used for increasing the electrode response to La(III). The quadratic fitting pattern based on <em>D</em>-optimal model was used to find the desirability functions of the suggested design to assess the cross-interferences and the interactions between the factors. The fabricated sensor for determining the La(III) ions demonstrated a maximum nernstian slope equal to 19.70 mV.decade^-1 along a linear range from 1.0×10⁻⁶ to 1.0×10⁻²mol/L⁻¹ and detection limit of 10⁻⁶mol/L^-1. The designed sensor was successfully tested in the pH range of 2-9 with suitable selectivity, fast response time (about 30 s) and long lifetime (over 2 months) was obtained without any deviation. The offered electrode was used successfully as an indicator in the potentiometric titration of La(III) with EDTA.