Promising anti-inflammatory bio-efficacy of saponin loaded silver nanoparticles prepared from the plant Madhuca longifolia

Abstract

Phyto-compounds facilitated synthesis of nanoparticles has created an exceptional impact in the formation of nanoparticles and is used for the synthesis of modern nano drugs. Ignorance about phytochemical composition particularly knowledge of the bio-active principle of medicinal plant restricts the demonstration of the real picture of the enhancement of any bio-efficacy. The present communication scientifically established anti-inflammatory bio-efficacy in seeds of the folk plant <em>Madhuca longifolia</em> and its significant enhancement by bio-active principle (saponin) loaded silver nanoparticles (S@AgNp_s). A family of four saponins has been explored quantified (3.59%) and characterized (Micro Mass ESI-TOF MS spectra). Synthesis of S@AgNp_s has been conducted in a green single step and thoroughly characterized. <em>In- vivo</em> assessment of anti-inflammatory bio-efficacy has been carried out using carrageenan induced hind paw edema in <em>Swiss albino</em> mice model. Anti-inflammation bio-efficacy of native seed extract (15 mg/kg/bw) was found 46.84% which was further elevated and further rose to 56.10% by saponin at considerable low optimized dose (1.5 mg/kg/bw). Anti-inflammatory bio-efficacy was further successfully enhanced to (70.99%) by S@AgNp_s, almost close to that of reference drug (Diclofenac sodium; 76.42%). Saponin loaded silver nanoparticles (S@AgNp_s) prepared from the seed extract of the plant <em>M. longifolia </em>seem to be an ideal candidate for the development of complimentary herbal nanomedicine for anti-inflammation.