Mitigation of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Using Sandal Santalum Album Distillation Biomass

Abstract

In this study, mitigation of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions was evaluated using the sandal <em>Santalum Album</em> as biosorbent. The removal capacity of the Cu(II) was studied in batch experiments including such as initial metal concentration (25-400 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.05-0.2 g), effects of contact time (0-1440 min), kinetics and pre-treatment of the biosorbent. The maximum removal of Cu(II) was obtained at the optimum pH of 5. The maximum equilibrium uptake for Cu(II) was Ba(OH)₂-SA(248.8 mg<strong>/</strong>g^-1) at 400 ppm. Kinetics studies explained that, mitigation of the Cu(II) was very fast from 0 to 120 min and achieved equilibrium at 240 min. The equilibrium was well explained by Frendlich isotherm. Kinetics was well fitted to pseudo second order equation with high R² values.