Iran's Political Opportunities and Challenges after Permanent Membership in the SCO based on the SWOT Model.

Abstract

Iran's nearly two-decade-long pursuit of full membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) culminated at the 21st Summit on September 17, 2021, in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, when the country was formally accepted as a permanent member. While Iran's accession marks a significant diplomatic achievement, it also presents notable political implications that warrant closer examination. This study seeks to address the question: “What are the political opportunities and challenges facing Iran following its full membership in the SCO?" Using the SWOT analysis framework, we explore the strategic prospects and potential obstacles Iran may encounter. Our findings indicate several opportunities for Iran, including fostering interdependence, counterbalancing global hegemonic influences, combating extremism and drug trafficking, and altering security perspectives on Iran. However, challenges persist, such as disparities in power and bargaining influence among the SCO members, a tendency to limit mutual cooperation, and ambiguities concerning the organization's primary identity. Finally, the study suggests strategies to enhance Iran's strategic benfits and effectiveness within the SCO.