Investigation of Solar Events Propagation in the Interplanetary Space

Abstract

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), large-scale eruptions of plasma and magnetic field from the solar corona, have been detected as for a cause of significant space weather effects. Fundamental research on solar events complexity variations from the solar corona to 1 AU and beyond is critical to our physical understanding of the evolution and interactions of transients in the inner heliosphere. In the nonhomogeneous background solar wind flow, a three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is considered to study the propagation of CMEs and their interaction with the background solar wind structures. A comprehensive analysis of the period from 2 to 8 June 2023, considering the complex structure, is investigated. This study addresses the need to explore the interplanetary evolution of CMEs and especially their complexity in the inner heliosphere. To analyze the accurate impact of the solar event on Earth, the Disturbance Storm Index (Dst) calculated by the numerical EUHFORIA code, is shown and verifies a calm phase followed by a mild disturbance from 2 to 8 June 2023. In summary, it is found that CMEs that occurred between 2 and 8 of June 2023, which were not significant and lacked considerable height time development, did not experience any increase during the propagation in the interplanetary space. Overall, it is found that EUHFORIA demonstrates the potential to investigate and even predict geomagnetic storms. This enables us to protect our technologies from the enormous financial damage of solar storms.