Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Benzothiazole Based Triazole Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents

Abstract

A series of benzothiazole based triazole derivatives (7a-o) was designed and synthesized via click chemistry. The newly synthesized molecules were elucidated by various spectral analyses, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass, IR, and elemental composition. Based on the therapeutic importance of benzothiazole and triazole the newly synthesized molecules (7a-o) were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains (Gram-negative: P. Aeruginosa, K. Aerogenes, and C. Violaceum and Gram-positive: B. Subtilis, B. Sphaericus, and S. Aureus), compound 7g exhibit maximum zone of inhibition compared to standard drug Streptomycin. This study evaluates the antifungal activity of derivatives (7a-o) against four fungal strains: C. albicans, A. fumigatus, T. rubrum, and T. Mentagrophytes, compound 7m shows the maximum zone of inhibition compared to the standard drug Amphotericin B. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer assays were conducted using three human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (Breast cancer), PC-3 (Prostate cancer), and HeLa (Cervical cancer). Among all the synthesized compounds, 7m showed significant anticancer activity with IC50 value of 2.32±0.03 µM against MCF-7, 3.57±0.05 µM against PC-3 and 2.93±0.05 µM against Hela cancer cell lines. Molecular docking studies of newly synthesized compounds (7a-o) against the Human Myosin 9b protein (PDB ID: 5C5S), associated with fast lung cancer progression, revealed that all compounds exhibits better binding energies than Doxorubicin. Notably, compounds 7a and 7d achieved high negative binding energies of -8.2 kcal/mol.