Green synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Curcuma longa (L.) and Azadirachta indica (L.) and their Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

Objective: The bacterial diseases are very emerging one and now a day's most of the drugs have a resistant mechanism. In order to find suitable drugs from the plant based nanomaterials is excellent and effective tool for treat many drug resistant bacteria. In this study, various solvents such as chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-butanol used to prepare the crude extracts with rhizomes of Curcuma longa (L.) and leaves of Azadirachta indica (L.) separately. Then these extracts with nanoparticles prepared by using copper acetate monohydrate and copper sulphate pentahydrate solutions. Finally, the sequence of antibacterial activities was done by using of the selected medicinal plant such as rhizome of turmeric and leaves of Neem extracts against gram negative and gram positive bacterial pathogens like Vibrio cholera O1 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 respectively. Methods: The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles along with plant extracts was collected and the shape and size of copper nanoparticls of the plant extracts were determined in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The nutrient agar well diffusion method is used to find the antibacterial activities against various plant extracts along with different antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: The antibacterial activities of the medicinal plant rhizome and leaves of crude extracts were applied in different concentrations in nutrient agar well plates to indicate the presence zone of clearance. The crude extracts were prepared from different solvents such as the ethanol and methanol extracts with copper nanoparticles separately, it was the most effective extracts. At this stage the gram negative bacteria V. cholerae and the gram positive bacteria B. subtilis appear to be most sensitive strains. The inhibition of microbial growth at concentration as low as ~50 to 150 mg/mL indicated the potent antibacterial activity of above mentioned selected medicinal plant extract copper nanoparticles. Conclusions: In this research works better results were find critically with industrially important compounds from selected plant nanoparticles with their plant compounds is responsible for very excellent antibacterial activity.