A comprehensive and integrated study of any supply chain (SC) environment is a vital requirement that can create various advantages for the SC owners. This consideration causes productive managing of the SC through its ...

This paper develops a mathematical model using differential equations and considers a bullwhip effect in a supply chain network with multiple retailers and distributors. To ensure the stability of the entire system and ...

Convergent product is an assembly shape concept integrating functions and sub-functions to form a final product. To conceptualize the convergent product problem, a web-based network is considered in which a collection of ...

This paper proposes a new mixed integer programming model for multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problem with setup times, safety stock and demand shortages in closed-loop supply chains. The returned products from customers ...

This paper deals with an i * Corresponding author Email address:   nventory system with one central warehouse and a number of identical retailers. We consider perishable-on-the-shelf items; that is, all items have a ...