Albedo is the fraction of solar energy reflected from a surface back to the atmosphere; it is controlled by the characteristics of the surface, specially land cover type. Here, we examined the effects of five types of tree ...

A popular and common method to enhance the heat transfer in a flow passage is to artificially roughen the surfaces with ribs, grooves or combination of ribs and grooves (rib-grooved surface). The artificial roughness is ...

Light is one of the comfort factors in the environment, which unwittingly has a direct impact on the human beings. An environment without natural light can gradually cause illness. Light energy accounts for 25% of energy ...

DC-DC converters have found wide application in daily life due to considerable industrial requirements. However, high output gain in these converters is not achieved due to parasitic elements and other circuit restrictions. ...

Due to the increasing penetration rate of solar systems in electrical power distribution networks, the technical studies are required on power quality standards of utility grid Caused by solar system effects. This paper ...

The electrical energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) process is inexhaustible, developable everywhere and clean. Whatever the conditions, it is desirable to extract the biggest amount of power from the solar panel. This is ...