Background: Tobacco is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco toll in India has one-fifth of all worldwide death attributed to tobacco. There are 700000 deaths per year due to smoking and ...

Background: Heroin is an extremely addictive narcotic drug derived from morphine. Its continued use requires increased amounts of the drug to achieve the same effect, resulting in tolerance and addiction. This study was ...

Background: Opioids have been shown to affect learning and memory processes. Different protocols of morphine withdrawal can substantially vary in their success to prevent opioid induced impairments of cognitive performance. ...

Background: Prisoners, compared to the general population, are at greater risk of infection. Drug injection is the main route of HIV transmission, in particular in Iran. What would be of interest is to determine variables ...

Background: Consumption of chronic morphine induces neuro-inflammation and addictive seeking behavior. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe), a well-known spice plant, has been used traditionally in the treatment of a wide ...

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism and coping strategies in drug-dependent men. This study is a descriptive correlational study. Methods: The statistical population of ...

Background: The rate of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is approximately 60% and it is still has an increasing trend. The clinical effectiveness of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events has been well ...

Background: Enucleation is a topic discussed in psychiatry which is a self-injury matter. Enucleation is observed as psychotic disorder due to substance abuse. In people with mental disorders who also have substance use ...

Background: Since 2000, Iran has been delivering training and treatment services, including methadone therapy, to HIV positive patients through triangular clinics. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these ...