In the past two decades, the number of countries giving the permission of prescribing to nurses has increased. Nowadays, in countries such as Australia, South Africa, Ireland, Finland, Canada, Norway, New Zealand, Sweden, ...

Background: Headache is the most common complication caused by spinal anesthesia. Systematic educational programs about conservative treatments could be effective in the reduction of headache after spinal ...

Introduction Renal transplant is the best treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (1). Annually, about 17000 patients receive deceased or living donor transplants, which help them ...

Background: Considering the global rise in the elderly population and the common complications of this group (especially chronic diseases), significant attention is being paid to improving their quality ...

Background: Venepuncture is a minimally invasive procedure, which is commonly performed in hospitals; if the pain is inadequately managed, it can cause negative feelings in children. Distraction can reduce ...

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common physiological problem in approximately 80% of preterm infants during the first week after birth. Increase in bowel movements reduces enterohepatic circulation and ...

Background: Visitation of patients admitted at intensive care units (ICUs) is a controversial issue in the field of health care. It is commonly believed that the presence of family members might bring about ...

Background: The first three years of life have a pivotal role in growth and development of infants. Extra-uterine environment largely affects brain development of infants during the first year of life.However,no ...