The non-differentiability and implicit definition of boundary of production possibility set (PPS) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) are two important difficulties for obtaining directional characteristics, including ...

One of the important issues in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is sensitivity analysis. Heretofore the existent studies have considered the data modification of inputs and outputs in one or multiple DMUs. In this paper the ...

In this paper, it is assumed that the “Decision Making Units“( ) are consist of positive and negative input and output. Firstly, the optimistic and pessimistic models have been suggested by using negative data and then ...

The cross efficiency evaluation is used to performance measurement of decision making units in data envelopment analysis concept. One of the most important shortcoming of this method is existing alternative optimal solution ...