Evolution of the Histo-Epidemiological Profile of Urological Cancers in Togo

Abstract

<br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Urological cancers are an important public health issue and pose problems with diagnosis and adequate management in developing countries. Our aim was to determine and report epidemiological and histological features of urological cancers in Togo. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of cases of urological cancers observed in the laboratory of pathological anatomy of the CHU Tokoin over the last 4 years (2012-2016). The parameters studied were frequency, age, sex, sites of development and histological type. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Epidemiological data were collected for 182 cases, representing 16.4% of all cancers (1108 cases). The annual frequency was 45.5±1.1 cases on average. The male:female sex ratio was 8.6 with a mean age of 60.2 years. Regarding location, in decreasing order of frequency, the tumors were found in the prostate (n=121 cases; 66.5%), bladder (n=28; 15.4%), kidney (n=19; 10.4%), testis (n=10; 5%), penis (n=3; 1.7%) and scrotum (n=1; 0.5%). Histologically, prostate cancers were predominantly adenocarcinomas (n=116 cases; 95.8%) with a Gleason score of 6 (n=46; 39.7%) predominant. Bladder cancers were mainly squamous cell carcinomas (n=11; 39.3%) followed by transitional carcinomas (n=9 cases; 32.1%) and adenocarcinomas (n=7; 25%). Kidney cancers were predominantly nephroblastomas (n=10, 52.6%) in children and clear cell carcinomas (n=8 cases; 42.1%) in adults. Testicular cancers were Burkitt lymphomas in 5 cases. The cases of penis and scrotum cancers were all squamous cell carcinomas. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Urological cancers are experiencing an upsurge in frequency in Togo, dominated by prostate cancer, with a high frequency of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to endemic bilharziasis. </span></span>